Author: Editorial Team

¹ Samuel Terhemba Kungur

² Terseer Terrumun Humbe

Department of Physics

College of Education Katsina-Ala

¹ [email protected]

² [email protected]

Abstract
Man is exposed to high levels of electromagnetic radiation due to technological advancement. The effects of the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on human health are among the most significant concerns in the world. These effects are classified into two main categories: ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. The ionizing radiation has the ability to knock off molecules from cells and lead to a change in their natural status and is therefore dangerous to humans, since exposure to it can lead to cancer and other diseases. On the other hand, non-ionizing radiation cannot change atomic structure. They just impact on tissues and can lead to irreparable hurts. This paper takes a review on the electromagnetic spectrum and the impact of the electromagnetic radiation it produces as it affects human health. It reviews the sources, effects and safety guidelines to the use of electromagnetic radiation.

Joseph Vegher Akpera,

Department of General Studies Education, College of Education, Katsina-Ala, Benue State

[email protected]

Abstract
This study investigated the determinants of the success of immunization programme in Katsina-ala and Kwande Local Government Areas of Benue state Nigeria. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The descriptive survey design was adopted. An instrument named Determinants of National Immunization Inventory (DNII) was administered on the respondents. The population of 1266 Health Workers was drawn from the two Local Government Areas.  A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 379 respondents. In data analysis, the split-half method was used and chi-square (x²) at probability level of 0.05. it was found that both funding and attitudes of government officials played a significant roles in determining the success of immunization programme while education of mothers was not a significant determinant of the success of immunization programme in the study area. The researcher therefore suggested that, proper planning, adequate budgetary provision and supervision should be intensified in the health sector; and that mothers should also be encouraged by the Local Government Health Department to present their children for immunization, as at when due, to ensure the success of the programme.

Mfaiga Angenyi

Department of Geography, College of Education Katsina-Ala

Abstract
The study investigated the influence of the proliferation of schools on the management of private secondary schools in North-West Senatorial District of Benue State. Four research questions and hypotheses guided the study. Related literature was reviewed in the areas of theoretical/conceptual and empirical studies. The descriptive survey design was adopted targeting a population of 3672 teachers spread across 143 private secondary schools in the study area. Out of this number, 450 were sampled from a population of 3672 representing 12.25% of the respondents while 20 schools out of 143 representing 13.98% were also sampled. A – 20 item structured questionnaire titled PSQ was constructed by the researcher and used for data collection and the reliability co-efficient yielded 0.88. Mean scores and standard deviations were used for answering research questions while chi-square test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that the proliferation of schools has a significant influence on supervision, planning, staffing and examination conduct in private secondary schools in the zone. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended among others that proper supervision should be conducted in all the schools in the state to ensure uniformity of standards, and that Ministry of Education should organize conferences to intimate school administrators of ways to organize and run their schools as well as strengthening examination rules and indulge in appropriate staffing practices.

Timothy Terlumun Ornguga

Department of Biology, College of Education, Katsina-Ala

[email protected]

Abstract
The physico-chemical analysis of 6 brands of sachet water sold on the campus of College of Education Katsina-Ala was evaluated to compare whether they met the specification of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria industrial standard (NIS) for drinking water. Parameters such as colour, taste/ odour, PH/chloride/ potassium/ calcium/ electric conductivity, oxygen demand (OD)/biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total dissolved solid (TDS) were evaluated. Coliform counts were determined using standard methods. Laboratory results showed that all samples met the physico-chemical standards of WHO & NIS. Although all the brands of sachet water did not conform with WHO and NIS standard of permissible coliform level for drinking water/ t-test result showed that there was no significant difference between the sachet water qualities and the WHO and NIS standard. The conclusion of this study based on the result is that the sachet water sold in the campus of College of Education Katsina-Ala is of good quality and is safe for human consumption. It is however recommended that producers of these sachet water should improve in the biological treatment of the water they produce.

¹ Dzomun E. Amua, ¹ Akaazua V. Hanmikyur, ² Patricia N. Asema

¹ Department of Computer Science, College of Education, Katsina-Ala

² Department of Social Studies, College of Education, Katsina-Ala

Abstract
This paper looks at the various definitions of corruption and traces the history of corruption in Nigeria to the colonial days in 1947. It also examines the rating of Nigeria in terms of corruption where Nigeria was rated the most corrupt country in the year 2000 and the current position of 38^th most corrupt nation of the world. The effects of corruption on the development of Nigeria are reviewed Anti-corruption crusade in Nigeria. Also reviewed is how ICT can be used to curb corruption in Nigeria, and the challenges of using ICT in Nigeria. The paper concludes that the bureaucratic process in governance is the major issue affecting the effective fight against corruption by the anti-corruption agencies. Though ICT has greatly improved the fight against corruption in many ways, there are challenges confronting the effective use of ICT in fighting corruption in Nigeria. The paper therefore suggests that Nigeria should invest heavily in buying the needed ICT gadgets and that there should be the political will to enact and implement laws that will encourage ICT use in fighting corruption in the country.